Advanced Stylus Shapes: Pics, discussion, patents.

flavio81 · Post by **flavio81** » 09 Nov 2009 22:00

Hi,

I'm opening this thread to contribute showing and discussing the different stylus shapes and profiles that exist. I will be using images stolen/copied/borrowed from this forum and from the internet, so i apologize in advance if someone feels he wasn't given the due credit.

The idea is to contribute as many pictures and information in the different stylus profiles.

First, many profiles at the same time, as a starting point. Not all profiles are in those pics!

From Audio Technica:
https://www.vinylengine.com/images/foru ... stypes.jpg

From JICO:
https://www.vinylengine.com/images/foru ... lElipt.jpg

1. Spherical
2. Elliptical
3. Shibata
4. Hyper elliptical
5. SAS (Special micro ridge type)

Let's start with the elliptical shape, the most basic of the non-spherical shapes. Patent is by Grado.

https://www.vinylengine.com/ve_download ... patent.pdf

Images:

https://www.vinylengine.com/images/foru ... ptical.gif

Unnamed elliptical stylus (bushed)
https://www.vinylengine.com/images/foru ... styl01.jpg

Example: Shure M92E
https://www.vinylengine.com/images/foru ... _Styli.jpg

More examples of elliptical later.

flavio81 · Post by **flavio81** » 09 Nov 2009 22:08

Now on the line contact shapes. The idea of the line contacts is... to have a bigger contact on the groove wall side while having a small front-to-back contact. That is, a "line". Maybe i am not good at explaining it but the pictures will speak for themselves.

One of the first line contact shapes was the Shibata, invented by Norio Shibata of JVC. The goal was to track the high frequency (35KHz+) content of the CD-4 quadraphonic records without wearing the groove.

Patent:
https://www.vinylengine.com/ve_download ... patent.pdf

This is how the shibata is cut:
https://www.vinylengine.com/images/foru ... atacut.gif

The result is more contact on the side walls, evident here:
https://www.vinylengine.com/images/foru ... patent.gif

The "R" radius is bigger than on a spherical (Shibata=75uM), which means the groove will be contacted more parallel to the diamond surface. Actually the right way to express it will be "less round" instead of "more parallel"!

This is a Pfanstiehl Shibata (bonded):

https://www.vinylengine.com/images/foru ... hibata.jpg

The two back cuts are evident. They are also evident on the JICO picture i posted before.

Something that is not evident in this pics is that the Shibata, unlike all the other styli designs, does not contact the side groove walls vertically (perpendicullarly to the record surface when seen from the side of the stylus), but in a curve. Here:

https://www.vinylengine.com/images/foru ... agujas.jpg

flavio81 · Post by **flavio81** » 09 Nov 2009 22:14

Now another of the first line contact shapes. This one is labeled by this website (vinylengine) to be the Pickering Stereohedron (or Quadrahedron?) shape.

Patent:
viewtopic.php?t=15516

Inventor: Huges, Diamagnetics Inc. Diamagnetics seems to be affiliated with Stanton/Pickering.

Basically is similar to shibata, but with 2 more front cuts. I guess it's a variation to create a stylus that performs like the shibata but without having to pay for the patent...

https://www.vinylengine.com/images/foru ... 871664.jpg

flavio81 · Post by **flavio81** » 09 Nov 2009 22:19

A later (1978 shape), the Ogura, also sold as "Vital Polyhedron".

Patent:
https://www.vinylengine.com/ve_download ... patent.pdf

https://www.vinylengine.com/images/foru ... 105212.gif

This one is more similar to what has been labeled as "line contact" by Audio Technica (see pic above) or "fine line" as Ortofon.

Shot of the Ortofon OM30 stylus -- how beautiful!
https://www.vinylengine.com/images/foru ... ontact.jpg
Side shot of the same:
https://www.vinylengine.com/images/foru ... lcSIDE.jpg

Note: Ortofon specs this stylus has 8x40uM radii, thus not as "line contact" as other line contacts (>70uM)

Now, the question that i can't really answer. What patent matches the Hyperelliptical and Stanton Stereohedrons?? They look similar and they can be a variation on the Ogura, or the Hughes... or another shape? I can't find another patent that might match them.

Ogura was sold as "Polyhedron", which sounds like... "Stereohedron"!

Pictures of them (SH and HE) to follow on next post!

flavio81 · Post by **flavio81** » 09 Nov 2009 22:26

Stereohedron, image by Stanton/Pickering

https://www.vinylengine.com/images/foru ... hedron.jpg

Stylus shots:

Stanton 881-S
https://www.vinylengine.com/images/foru ... n881-S.jpg

Stanton 81S Stereohedron, 100X
https://www.vinylengine.com/images/foru ... on100x.jpg

Now the Shure Hyperelliptical looks pretty similar!!
https://www.vinylengine.com/images/foru ... ellipt.jpg

The JICO Hyperelliptical (also sold by LP Gear) is practically the same (but bonded instead of nude)
https://www.vinylengine.com/images/foru ... amente.jpg

flavio81 · Post by **flavio81** » 09 Nov 2009 22:30

Let's move on to later shapes. Here is the VDH, invented by the dutch A.J van den Hul, around 1978.

Patent
https://www.vinylengine.com/ve_download ... hul_82.pdf

https://www.vinylengine.com/images/foru ... 365325.gif

Here is a VDH on a London Decca cart:
https://www.vinylengine.com/images/foru ... iamond.jpg

On his webpage, VDH claims Namiki manufactured his design without paying royalties. Here is the Expert Stylus Paratrace, which clearly is almost a VDH, on a AT CN5625. Beautiful:

https://www.vinylengine.com/images/foru ... T_CN56.jpg

A.J. van den Hul discusses his stylus here:
https://www.vinylengine.com/ve_download ... l_1980.pdf

flavio81 · Post by **flavio81** » 09 Nov 2009 22:38

Now on more advanced shapes. Here is the highly regarded MicroRidge/MicroLine shape, patent by Namiki, 1983.

https://www.vinylengine.com/ve_download ... patent.pdf

The idea came from the stylus used for reading the capacitance electronic video discs such as RCA's SelectaVision.

There are variations on this design. The idea is to really contact the groove wall on a line. The other interesting thing is that these styli are laser-cut.

Variations on this design are the Audio Technica MicroLine, Shure MicroRidge, Dynavector, and JICO SAS.

Again, for MicroLine:
https://www.vinylengine.com/images/foru ... stypes.jpg
Jico SAS is at the right:
https://www.vinylengine.com/images/foru ... lElipt.jpg
Dynavector:
https://www.vinylengine.com/images/foru ... oridge.jpg
Dynavector specs:
https://www.vinylengine.com/images/foru ... ention.gif

JICO SAS specs. Very interesting.
https://www.vinylengine.com/library/jic ... ylus.shtml

flavio81 · Post by **flavio81** » 09 Nov 2009 22:47

Now the last of the patented shapes, as far as i can find: The Fritz Gyger (1987), used on some Ortofon cartridges like the OM40.

This is a weird kind of stylus... Like a cubist micro line.

https://www.vinylengine.com/images/foru ... 855989.gif

The purpose of the FG stylus is to more closely match the cutting stylus.

Patent:
https://www.vinylengine.com/ve_download ... patent.pdf

Paperweight models of styli.
1. van den Hul
2. Shibata-like (looks too smooth to be a realistic representation of a shibata!)
3. Fritz Gyger
https://www.vinylengine.com/images/foru ... ErnieL.jpg

flavio81 · Post by **flavio81** » 09 Nov 2009 22:56

Now, on to the comparisons! One of the benefits of the advanced shapes is to increase the contact radius. In theory the worst shape (the spherical) contacts the vinyl wall at an infinitesimal dot. So the contact area is (in theory), ZERO. But, of course, vinyl deformates, so a practical contact area will be established, and it will have to be estimated for the spherical.

Seems Namiki did an estimation of the contact areas. It is on his patent, though. JICO reproduces them on its SAS literature:

https://www.vinylengine.com/images/foru ... rfaces.png

Note that "Line contact" here is actually the Shibata. Note the "r" radius (the side radius. The smaller the better will the higher frequencies read.

Another comparison of contact surfaces plus dimension data, this time from Audio Technica. The numbers are different:
https://www.vinylengine.com/images/foru ... agrams.jpg

Here for example you can see why a line contact shape is beneficial: The best high frequency readout will be obtained with a 0.2mil side radius (or smaller!). The .2x.7mil elliptical delivers it, but the contact surface is smaller than the standard elliptical or conical. The advanced shapes can give you the same (or smaller) side radius (better ability to read high frequencies) with a bigger contact surface (less wear). And that's why they are good.

Note that the last row (L1/L2 or "F") tells you how "tall" is the side contact, the taller the better since it means big contact area but with small side radius. Also note that the van den Hul is included on the comparison, and according to Audio Technica, the MicroLine is better.

Also note something more interesting. The minor/major radius dimensions, and footprint for the AT's MicroLine, is exactly the same as Jico's (Namiki's) SAS stylus. I bet they are exactly the same stylus

Moreover, if you go to JICO online store, you won't find the SAS stylus being sold for the current Audio Technica cartridges! I bet Namiki is making both AT ML and JICO SAS styli.

Another thing to point out: AT's estimate more contact area for all shapes. That means they are using a different estimation of vinyl deformation.

Now, a footprint comparison from the JICO SAS flyer. Note that the line contact is the Shibata, it can be inmediately identified by the "heart" shaped footprint:
https://www.vinylengine.com/images/foru ... arison.png

flavio81 · Post by **flavio81** » 09 Nov 2009 23:01

Now another interesting question maybe answered here:

LP gear sells the Shibata tips at a higher price than the Hyper Elliptical tips, and place them as a "superior" option compared to the Hyperelliptical. The question is "why should it be, since the HE seems to be invented later?"... Maybe the answer is here:

Leaflet from Canadian Astatic:
https://www.vinylengine.com/images/foru ... static.jpg

Look at the major radius ("R"). 23uM for the Hyperelliptical versus 75uM for the Shibata. Or, 0.7mil versus 3.0mil!!

So it seems the manufacturers who sell the HE, are using a smaller major radius ("R"), thus the Shibata has more contact surface than the HE they sell.

"Stereohedron 2x" seems to have 70uM of "R" radius according to PickeringUK. Stanton 681EEE quotes the same.
https://www.vinylengine.com/images/foru ... hedron.jpg

Also note the Ortofon 2M's Shibata has 50uM R radius, so it's the smaller version of the Shibata (patent specifies two versions).

Mystery solved?

flavio81 · Post by **flavio81** » 09 Nov 2009 23:40

So, to summarize what i've posted:

1. Chronology of patented stylus contact shapes is:
Spherical, Elliptical, Shibata & "Hughes", Ogura, van den Hul, Micro Ridge, Fritz Gyger.

2. "Hughes" patent is simply a variation on the Shibata: Two more cuts at the front, and voila.

3. Expert Stylus' Paratrace is practically a VDH.

4. Jico SAS, MicroLine, and Dynavector seem to be exactly the same shape.

5. There are reasons to believe Namiki manufactures the ML shape for Jico and for Audio Technica.

6. Vinyl deformation is taken into account when calculating contact surfaces.

7. Is the HE the same as the Stereohedron? I don't know. Dimensions seem to be different.

8. What patent matches the HE? What patent matches the Stereohedron? Ogura? Maybe.

9. Is the Ortofon Fine Line an Ogura? Maybe.

10. Ortofon Fine Line shape is identical to Audio Technica's "Line contact".

11. Major radius "R" is...
23uM for HE according to Canadian Astatic,
38uM for HE in Shure V15V-P
40uM for the Ortofon OM30 Fine Line according to Ortofon,
50uM for the Shibata on the Ortofon 2M Black, also for the Shibata on the Jubilee (*)
70uM for Stereohedron
70uM for the VDH according to Audio Technica
70uM for the Fritz Gyger 70 [FG70] according to Ortofon. FG90 also exists.
75uM for the Shibata for all other manufacturers (*)
75uM for SAS and MicroLine.
100uM for Ortofon Replicant (more on it later)

* The shibata patent specifies two versions of the tip: <50uM and <75uM.
For VDH there are two versions too, VDH I and VDH II.

bauzace50 · Post by **bauzace50** » 09 Nov 2009 23:47

flavio81,

Thankyou, danke, gracias, obrigado, grazie, merci [-o<

bauzace50

P.S.- did I miss the Fritz Geyger designs?

flavio81 · Post by **flavio81** » 09 Nov 2009 23:53

bauzace50 wrote:flavio81,

Thankyou, danke, gracias, obrigado, grazie, merci [-o<

bauzace50

P.S.- did I miss the Fritz Geyger designs?

No, i covered them too, but i don't have actual styli shots.

flavio81 · Post by **flavio81** » 10 Nov 2009 00:11

12. So for all the pre-MicroRidge Fine Line shapes, the Shibata is the oldest, but it's the one that comes with the biggest "R" radius, compared to the HE or the AT Line Contact/Ortofon Fine Line. The Stereohedron has a similar R radius, we don't know its stylus profile patent. It might be the "Hughes" one, which is almost the same as the Shibata. I need more pics of it.

Also you can see that the Shibata seems to be very easy to manufacture!!

Dennis B · Post by **Dennis B** » 10 Nov 2009 00:37

Amazing, thanks! =D>